Advances in Border Management: Digitalisation trends and emerging technologies

Technological advancements are reshaping border management across the EU and beyond. Policymakers must respond quickly to evolving circumstances, including political and economic instability, climate change-induced natural disasters, and increased socio-political tensions. Governments increasingly deploy novel technologies and methods such as AI, biometric identification, and predictive analytics to enhance security and streamline border control processes. While these innovations may offer significant benefits, they also raise concerns about transparency, data protection, and the safeguarding of fundamental rights. In this context, this Working Paper tries to answer the following questions: How have technological developments transformed border management and what may the future look like? How is AI being leveraged for enhanced surveillance, predictive analytics, and risk assessment? What are the challenges that emerge from using these technologies, and how can policymakers address them while maintaining a balance between security imperatives and fundamental rights?