FAiR – Inventory of existing alternative to returns policies

This working paper explores existing alternatives to return policies implemented and practiced where return does not occur, due to various reasons, and migrants continue to live irregularly in 11 EU+ countries. A particular focus will be placed on labour market-driven regularisation programs and mechanisms aimed at promoting the formal labour market, while tackling the informal economy, as well as labour exploitation. Considering the role of employers and labour markets needs in light of labour shortages in some specific sectors, these programmes and mechanisms will be analysed to evaluate the nexus between labour force needs and irregular migrants’ aspirations for legal residence and regular employment.